What is the difference between "peak load" and "base load" in electrical demand?

The distinction between peak load and base load is crucial for understanding electrical demand in power systems. Peak load refers to the maximum level of electricity demand observed in a given period, typically occurring during times of high usage, such as during hot summer afternoons when air conditioning is running extensively. This peak demand needs to be met by the grid to maintain reliability and prevent blackouts.

On the other hand, base load represents the minimum continuous level of demand for electricity that must be supplied to meet the constant, everyday needs of consumers. This includes the consumption by residential, commercial, and industrial users that occurs consistently throughout the day.

The correct choice accurately captures these definitions: peak load is the highest demand, while base load is the lowest consistent demand. This distinction is essential for utility planning and operation, as utilities must ensure they have sufficient generation capacity to meet peak loads while maintaining base load supply to ensure stability in the electrical grid.