What is the primary function of capacitors in the electrical grid?

The primary function of capacitors in the electrical grid is to manage reactive power and improve power factor. Capacitors are crucial in AC (alternating current) systems because they store and release electrical energy, which helps balance the load and compensate for inductive loads such as motors and transformers. Inductive loads typically consume reactive power, which can lead to inefficiencies in power distribution. By supplying reactive power, capacitors help to correct the power factor, leading to lower losses in the transmission system and improved overall efficiency.

Improving the power factor is vital for utilities because a low power factor can result in increased demand charges and potential penalties, affecting the financial efficiency of power delivery. Additionally, using capacitors to manage reactive power helps maintain voltage levels within acceptable ranges, ensuring stable and reliable electricity delivery to consumers. This capability is particularly important in preventing voltage drops and maintaining the quality of power supply across the grid.