What is the primary function of a capacitor on a distribution line?

The primary function of a capacitor on a distribution line is to synchronize voltage and current, which relates to power factor correction. Capacitors help manage the reactive power in the system, thereby improving the efficiency of power distribution. In an alternating current (AC) system, inductive loads (like motors and transformers) can cause a phase shift between voltage and current, leading to lower power factor and increased losses in the system. By placing capacitors in parallel with these loads, the capacitors provide leading reactive power, which counteracts the lagging reactive power from the inductive loads. This synchronization of voltage and current helps ensure that the energy transfer is more efficient and reduces the reactive power demand on the grid.

In contrast, reducing the overall energy produced or converting AC to DC power are not functions performed by capacitors in distribution lines. Capacitors do not store electrical power for later use in the same way that batteries do, as their role doesn't involve long-term energy storage but rather instantaneous reactive power management.