What is the primary function of power transformers?

The primary function of power transformers is to change voltage from one level to another. This process is essential for efficient energy transmission across long distances. High voltages are used for transmission to minimize power losses due to resistance in the wires, while lower voltages are used for distribution to homes and businesses where they can be safely utilized.

Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing the voltage levels to be increased (step-up transformers) or decreased (step-down transformers) while maintaining the same frequency. This capability is critical in balancing the needs of generation, transmission, and consumption within the electrical grid, ensuring that electrical energy can be efficiently moved from power plants to end-users.

In comparison, while connecting lines and equipment is a part of electrical infrastructure, it does not represent the primary role of transformers. Similarly, isolating lines for maintenance is an operational aspect that involves switchgear and circuit breakers, not transformers. Measuring power flow is typically done using instruments like wattmeters and is not a function of transformers, which are designed specifically for voltage transformation.