What is the typical purpose of electrical substations?

The primary purpose of electrical substations is to transform voltage levels in the electrical system. This function is crucial because electricity is generated at high voltages to minimize energy losses during transmission over long distances. Once the electricity reaches its destination, the voltage must be stepped down to a safer, more usable level for distribution to homes, businesses, and industries.

Substations serve as critical nodes in the electrical grid, where this transformation occurs. They contain transformers that either step up or step down the voltage, depending on the location within the grid. This process ensures that the electricity remains efficient during transmission and can be utilized safely at the end-use points.

In contrast, while generating renewable energy and providing emergency power during outages are important elements of the energy system, they do not represent the fundamental function of substations. Regulating electricity prices is also outside the scope of what substations do, as this is typically managed through market mechanisms and utilities, rather than directly through the operation of power substations.