What role does a transformer play in the electrical grid?

A transformer is a crucial component in the electrical grid, primarily responsible for adjusting voltage levels to facilitate efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. By stepping up voltage for transmission, transformers allow electricity to travel long distances with minimal loss of energy due to resistance in the wires. At the end of its journey, another transformer steps the voltage down to a safer level for consumer use, ensuring that the electricity can be distributed effectively to homes and businesses.

The function of voltage adjustment is vital because higher voltages reduce the current flowing through the lines, which leads to lower heat losses. By managing these voltage levels, transformers play an essential role in the overall efficiency and reliability of the electrical grid.

Other options, such as generating electricity or storing energy, are not roles performed by transformers. These tasks are usually handled by power plants or storage systems like batteries. Additionally, while frequency regulation is critical in power systems, it is typically managed by other equipment such as synchronous condensers or generators, rather than transformers.